"We have a concrete block home. Termites cannot get into concrete."
The honey bees your grandparents kept in wooden boxes are European honey bees. Calm, productive, easy to manage. For most of American history, they were the only honey bee most people ever encountered.
Africanized honey bees are the result of an experimental breeding program in Brazil in the 1950s that crossed European honey bees with an aggressive African subspecies. The hybrids escaped, spread northward across South and Central America, and reached the United States in the 1990s.
UF/IFAS documents that Africanized honey bees are now established throughout Florida, and the overwhelming majority of wild or unmanaged honey bee colonies in South Florida are Africanized or show significant Africanized genetics.
Three behavioral differences matter for homeowners.
European honey bees will defend their hive, but the response is measured. Africanized honey bees respond to perceived threats faster, in larger numbers, and with sustained pursuit. A disturbance that would trigger a handful of European bees can trigger thousands of Africanized bees.
European honey bees prefer large, established cavities. Africanized honey bees will nest in almost any cavity, including water meter boxes, irrigation boxes, overturned buckets, barbecue grills, soffits, wall voids, tree hollows, old tires, and inside the columns on your front porch.
Africanized colonies swarm more often than European colonies, producing multiple reproductive swarms per year. This is why swarm encounters in South Florida are so much more common than in northern states.
Bee swarms are not the same as bee attacks. Understanding the difference is the first step to staying safe.
A swarm is a reproductive event. A colony grows too large for its current cavity, splits in half, and sends out thousands of bees with a queen to find a new nesting site. Swarms are temporary, usually lasting a few hours to a few days. During swarming, the bees are relatively docile because they are not defending a hive, brood, or honey stores. They are looking for real estate.
You might see a swarm hanging from a tree branch, a fence post, a porch railing, or a light fixture. It will look like a football-sized or larger cluster of bees, dripping and moving slightly. This is a swarm in transit.
An established colony is the dangerous situation. Once the swarm finds a cavity and moves in, the bees begin defending it. Brood is laid. Honey is stored. The colony now has something to protect, and Africanized bees protect it aggressively.
The cavity might be inside a wall of your house. Inside a shed. Inside an unused grill. Inside a water meter box at the edge of the property. Inside a hollow fence post. Inside the cavity of a palm tree where a frond was removed years ago.
If the swarm was not addressed when it first arrived, the colony you now have is a long-term resident that will only grow more defensive as the season progresses.
Because Africanized and European honey bees look virtually identical, identification is based on behavior and location, not appearance.
If you see bees flying in and out of a specific hole in a soffit, wall, tree cavity, or ground hole throughout the day, that is an established colony.
Established hives in wall voids produce audible buzzing, especially in warm weather. The sound is often mistaken for electrical hum.
This is usually a swarm in transit, not an established colony. The swarm may leave within 24 to 72 hours, but during that time it should still be avoided and reported to a professional.
If mowing, trimming vegetation, or walking past a particular area triggers multiple bees flying toward you in pursuit, an established colony is nearby. Do not approach. Do not attempt to treat the area yourself.
Housecleaning behavior inside an established colony produces small piles of dead bees that accumulate below the entrance hole.
Consumer sprays will not reliably kill an Africanized colony, and the partial treatment will escalate defensive behavior dramatically. Homeowners and landscapers who spray bees and survive the initial attack often describe the reaction as explosive.
If bees are entering and exiting a wall, a tree, or a box on your property, leave the area alone until a professional has evaluated it. Physical disturbance is the single most common trigger for a mass defensive response.
This is not a DIY project. The combination of ladder work, confined spaces, aggressive bees, and the need to fully extract honeycomb from the cavity requires trained professionals with the right equipment.
Dogs tied up or fenced near an active colony are at particular risk because they cannot escape.
If you accidentally hit a hive or cavity and bees begin attacking, run in a straight line, cover your face, and get inside a building or vehicle as fast as possible. Do not jump in a pool. The bees will wait at the surface for you to come up for air.
Florida requires bee removal to be performed by a certified operator. Wise House works with the appropriate specialists when a bee situation is identified during a pest inspection.
Any opening larger than a quarter inch in a wall, soffit, vent, or structure is a potential nesting site. Close them with hardware cloth, caulk, or appropriate exclusion material.
Vertical cavities in fence posts, porch columns, and exposed pipes are common Africanized bee nesting sites. Cap them.
Overturned buckets, old tires, grills covered for the winter, storage boxes, and decorative items can all be colonized. Check before using.
Palm trees with old frond scars and hollow cavities are common nesting sites. Before any tree work in spring or summer, have the tree inspected for bee activity.
If a swarm lands on your property, report it to a professional within the first 24 hours. A swarm removed in transit is a far safer situation than an established colony.
A comprehensive pest inspection identifies bee activity along with other spring pest issues. The earlier a colony is identified, the safer and simpler the removal.
1177 Hypoluxo Rd Suite C-31 Lantana, FL 33462 (561) 727-8239
464 NW Peacock Blvd, Unit 106 Port St Lucie, FL 34986 (772) 783-4300
UF/IFAS EDIS publication — Africanized honey bee establishment, behavior, and swarm patterns in Florida
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services — statewide Africanized honey bee distribution and management guidance
UF/IFAS Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory — ongoing research on Africanized honey bee biology and safety guidance for Florida residents
